Anonymous Hacker Book Report

Allow me to explain. Not that long ago there was a shooting in Sandy Hook Elementary school. It was a tragedy across the board that most of us felt. While the Anon portions of the internet (Achaean, Reedit, etc) teemed with inappropriate Jokes and disgusting humor, there was an underlining sense of outrage that could be felt in the far corners of the deep net. This didn't come to full bloom until the Westbrook Baptist Church stepped in with their plans to protest the funerals of the dead children of Sainthood.Immediately the same people who would post â€Å"dead kid mess† were striking out urbanely and quite harshly against the audacity of someone to tarnish the memory of kids In real life. That's what a lot of people don't understand about Anon and the 100 different sec groups out there trolling â€Å"newfangled† and â€Å"morals†. The net is a different world inside. Anon and everyone else do not see it as an extension of real life unless it's to make an impact . These are the same personality types that love tagging things with spray paint. It's all for laughs, until however it gets serious.Westbrook Baptist Church (WEB from now on) struck a moral nerve with Anon and the est. of the hastiest community. Commander X came out of retirement, Jester (whose admittedly against Anion's actions usually, came out in support and offered services. ) Whether It was setting up VPN for everyone to run Dodos off of or setting up old school pranks Like pizza wars or blacking out (faxing black pieces of paper to run out Ink) It went Like wildfire. It was one of the first times I've ever seen all the factions come together. What amazed me however was the interactive real life protests that went down.Anonymous called for actions and the net responded in kind. Ass of people took to the streets from Anon to protest the WEB. With them members of the Hells Angels and even former military and off duty police stood in solidarity against them. What was amazing was the fact that this translated from online IIRC to real time real life protest. People broadcasted the whereabouts of the WEB van and flooded any hotel with calls, faxes and emails who dare take them in. This was then broadcasted again on Stream so the world could see Just how powerful the Internet could be. The biggest thing was Black Lotus.A service that provided hardcore Dodos protection for invalids. This service costs a lot of money to employ and only those most fearful of an attack will get In touch wit Black Lotus. However that week they were held over a barrel. Instead of going Dodos was not an option really, what was however was the â€Å"dioxin† of the employees. Dog were accumulated in a massive pastiest that went around the net. Everyone who was poised went online and did their research. This yielded some insane results. Everything from the Coo's address and phone number and social security number were captured.After a bunch of threats and back and forth with YANG (Your Anonymous News) twitter account and Jackal (one of the few respected enough to lead a proper â€Å"Pop†) the company employing Black Lotus protection gave up. Instead of being dosed, they gave all the money they got from WEB to the Sandy Hook Victims fund on top of a generous donation of k. We Are Anonymous is a good book about a few isolated incidents. I don't however find it to be indicative of what Anon is about or the other sec that work within the hastiest community. Yes we did it for the lulls, but there was a sense of â€Å"moral† to all of us.

Early Childhood Essay

In Jamaica not much is recorded about the early history of Early Childhood in Jamaica except for the contribution of the early theorist and Pioneers and what they contributed throughout its early development. In the early history of Early Childhood in Jamaica the majority of children’s education was not given priority not much thought was given to their developmental process and teachers who taught them were not properly trained. It was decided that every child had a right to proper education. The early childhood commission is an agency of the Ministry of Education. The Early Childhood Commission Act (2003) commissioned a special body, the Early Childhood Commissioned (ECC) to direct all early childhood activities and develop suitable plans and program for the entire childhood sector. Early childhood education in Jamaica has made significant progress since the Inspection and Regulatory System for Early Childhood Institutions (ECIs) was established in 2007 by the Early Childhood Commission, following legislation for the Early Childhood Act and Regulations. The ECC is responsible for the comprehensive development of all children from birth to eight years of age. The comprehensive approach to early childhood development was the driver behind the development of the cross-sectoral National Strategic Plan for Early Childhood Development, 2008-2013, which was formulated after broad consultation with stakeholders and research on the status of services for young children. In 2012 the commission carried out an inspection of Early Childhood Institutions and found out this:. A total of 2,834 institutions were identified of which 91 per cent applied for registration. Seventy-five per cent were community basic schools, 20 per cent day care/nursery/pre-school and kindergarten and five per cent infant schools. 2277 ECIs were inspected: 80 per cent of all ECIs and 89 per cent of all those that have applied for registration. Early Pioneers of Early Childhood in Jamaica Reverend Henry Ward (1879 – 1981) was one of the earlier pioneers in the history of early childhood in Jamaica. He was a trained teacher who graduated from the Mico Teachers College. Reverend Ward approach to early childhood development was that every aspect in a child’s development should be considered so he took into account the physical, mental and social aspect in developing a child. Reverend Ward believed that every child had a right to proper education, which he thought began with suitable day care facilities, he established the first play centre in Islington, St Mary in 1938. Being a member of the Board of Education Reverend Ward was instrumental in a resolution which saw the establishment of play centres throughout the island which catered for children 3-7 years. Dudley R. B. Grant (1915-1988) – was a graduate of the Mico Teachers College who held many post in the teaching profession. Mr. Grant was the Director of the Bernard Van Leer Foundation which played a pivotal part in the history of early childhood development by training of teacher in Jamaica. In 1968 he launched the first early childhood month in Jamaica; his view was to increase public awareness on the importance of early childhood education. Mr. Grant was also instrumental in the training, salary increase of basic school teachers and also curriculum development for basic school children. Projects established by Mr. Dudley Grant: †¢ Resource Centre training Unit for training resources centre officers †¢ Teenage Mothers Project †¢ Summer Bachelor of Education (B. ED) Early Childhood Programme †¢ North Coast Project Reverend Marjorie Prentice Saunders (1913 -2009) – was born in St Mary in 1913, she became a lawyer at the age of 23, Miss Saunders worked as a traveling organizer for the United Church in Jamaica whilst traveling across the island she noticed that untrained persons were responsible for and operating schools for children. After her observation she established the first six week basic training course in 1950. A selection was done of six individual from six parishes, they were trained and became the first trained school teachers in Jamaica. She also trained teachers at the Kelly Lawson training center. Reverend Saunders is the founding member of several well known basic, preparatory and high schools. She is accredited with the creation and organization of programs for youth and homeless children across the island. In 2005 Reverend Saunders was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.

Breezy case

This case analysis explores the possibility of Breezy, a leading supplier of carburators and air filters in North America, the possibility of developing offshore busines in countries where car manufacturing is growing. The report is structured as follows: First, there are five important questions that Breezy must consider and ask itself before developing a relationship with a new customer. After Breezy decides to go offshore, it will have to go through the negotiating process, which involves five steps. Breezy then, must have capabilities of how an offshore business is organized, consider the many different costs and risks involved in the implementation and decide how it will finance the project. The report also talks about how Breezy will have to modify its corporate strategy. Finally, the report concludes with the best reccomendation for Breezy to maintain its competitive advantage. 1. In exploring the possibility of developing a relationship with offshore car manufacturers, what questions should Breezy be asking? a) Who are the suppliers of carburators and air filters that Breezy will be competing against? This is an important question when conducting an external analysis of the players in the Industry because Breezy will be able to design a strategy that will make their products different from competitors. b) What are the car manufacturers human, financial, physical and organizational resources and capabilities? Breezy should be asking and investigating the firms that it plans on partnering abroad because they would not want to d business with car manufacturers that are not financially stable or have a bad organizational culture. c) How is the business done in the country (Brazil or India)? Breezy must consider the different business styles deriving from different countries in order to succeed in the global market. d) Does the car manufacturer have a good credit? Breezy must make sure its customers can pay for the products in order to avoid having to write off uncollectible accounts. e) Will Breezy be able to gain competitive advantage over local suppliers? Breezy could choose between cost leadership strategy or product differentiation strategy. 2. How should it approach the issue of negotiating with them? The negotiation process involves 5 steps: 1. Define objectives for the partnership: Breezy should have benchmarks in which to compare their objectives with the manufacturers objectives. These will define whether they can meet common grounds when doing business together. Examples of benchmarks include nature of agreement, duration of alliance, expectations, key aspects to protect, etc 2. Assemble a negotiating team: Breezy will have a team that represents all areas of the company affected by this relationship. In addition, the team will be composed of a chief negotiator, an experienced interpreter, and senior management personnel and personnel with knowledge of technical, operational, and legal details. The roles of the team will be to choose a negotiating technique and conduct due dilligence on the parties involved, understand the business and social customs of the country. 3. Establish trust: Breezys negotiating team should first build rapport with the manufacturers before presenting their proposals. 4. Establish the business framework: After rapport has been established, the team should be able to draw an agreement where all parties reach consensus, then outline the alliance in general terms, define objectives, consider how internal politics will affect the deal and define respective contributions of both sides. This should be done in a Letter of Intent. 5. Establish a legal framework: This will allow establishment of structure, definition of rights and obligations and scope of cooperation. (FITT, 6th ed). In the end, set the negotiations with a Memorandum of Understanding. 3. How should any offshore operation be organized? What are the key location considerations? Every offshore operation should have the right people. For example, a senior manager should be in charge of managing all operations with personnel with knowledge of global operations reporting to him. Therefore, there must be clearly designed roles for each person involved. Any offshore operation will be defined by the financial commitment that each party will contribute and the risks and rewards that comes from it. An foreign subsiadiary could be set up in the country they plan to enter in order to have face to face contact with potential and new customers. Regarding the global supply chain, companies will have to create a distribution strategy and implement it. Also, companies should select an intermediary involved to facilitate the shipping of cargo, aid with documentation and customs brokerage. Regarding location, companies going offshore must use the Porters Five Forces model. A location where the threat of buyers, threat of new entrants, threat of rivalry, threat of substitutes and threat of suppliers are all low would be an ideal place to do business and exploit opportunities. The choice of country will be based on the efficiencies or competitive advantages it can gain from being located in that country. These include proximity to market, cheaper labour costs, production efficiencies, etc (FITT, 6th ed). In addition, if the country has trade or economic sanctions, is politically instable, has high tax rates, inadequate transportation systems and undeveloped banking systems, firms should consider going into other markets. 4. What costs are likely to be incurred in this venture? Transportation costs including cargo insurance and freight Labour costs Maintenance charges Taxes and International carges Loading and unloading fees Freigh forwarders, customs brokers fees Export fees Documentation fees such as obtaining licenses and permits Marketing and advertising costs 5. How could this initiative be financed? There are many different ways to finance the offshore venture and implement the plan. Breezy can get a loan from financial institutions, sell shares if it is a private corporation or sell shares on the exchange market if it is a public company. Another source of fund is acquiring a loan from venture capitalists or government agencies such as Business Development Corporation (BDC). 6. What business should Breezy be in? How should it revise its corporate vision? Considering that the North American industry is already saturated with limited scope foor expanding sales and profits have been significantly declining for Breezy, it is certain that the companys industry is in its mature phase of development. It is time for Breezy to take advantage of its competitive advantage by exploring new markets. Breezy should be in the business of producing carburators and air filters for the future popular car in India, in addition to the North American market, however due to the changing trends in the auto industry, where fuel efficiency is going under way, Breezy will have to adapt to the new trends in order to maintain its competitive advantage. Breezy should also keep an eye on countries where car manufacturing is growing. So far, the companys best strategy if it was to go into India or Brazil is to refine its current products , emphasize on increasing the quality of service with new customers, and focus on reducing manufacturing costs and increased quality through process innovations. The original corporate vision of becoming North America’s leading supplier of carburetors and air filters should be revised to becoming the leading supplier of fuel efficient carburators and air filters by expanding Breezys market share to potential markets. 7. What risks does the offshore venture face that the domestic company does not? Theft/ Damage of shipments in transit: If Breezy was to ship their products by sea, there is a risk of pirates or improper handling of containers, improper storage or conditions of the cargo. Missing documentation for customs clearance in the sea ports. Degree of expertise in international business documentation, transportation, payment, etc. Breezy has to find suitable intermediaries such as a freight forwarders to assist with the offshore venture. Culture differences: Breezy needs to adapt to the culture in which it is doing business in. Differences include language, geographic distance, cultural issues. Inadequate infraestructure such as roads, warehouses. If Breezy is going to do business in a thirld world country, it must consider whether it is possible to transport and store their products and maintain its condition and know if they have to spend extra for proper transportation and storage. Environmental considerations: Breezy needs to consider whether it has to alter the design and packaging to withstand the effects of climate. Cost escalation, higher costs: Breezy will have to be able to afford the higher costs that comes with doing business offshore and still be able to outscale competitors. Risk of having contractual disputes with new customers. Conclusion Overall, Breezy was faced with two alternatives. One was to stay in the North American market and extend its product offering and continue working with existing customers even though there was not much potential to exploit opportunities for increasing profitability. The other option is to expand its market share by going into new markets and developing new customer relationships. I believe the latter alternative is the best course of action for Breezy as it will be able to acquire new customers while taking advantage of its reputation and competitive advantage. Breezy will benefit from increased sales and will be able to stay in business.

Globalisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Globalisation - Essay Example This article discusses major implications created by globalisation for Governments, organisations and individuals. The article strongly advocates a neutral perspective, the pros and cons of globalisation. The pro and anti-globalist agenda, challenges faced by governments and its effects on individual organisations have been considered to explain the phenomenon referred to as globalisation. Technology has reduced the communication gaps between geographies. Travelling across national borders has been made easier and as a result doing business internationally has lesser complications in the modern age. The introduction and implementation of International Accounting Standards (IAS’s) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS’s) has made comparisons between organisations appropriate. Comparable and understandable flow of financial information has developed greater trust amongst investors. Formation of European Union, African Union and the Arab League has further cracked open the case for globalisation. Similar laws and regulation prevailing through the Middle East, the common currency usage across Europe and the fusion of cultures has further escalated the pace of Globalisation. Globalisation accelerates the exchange of ideas and commodities over massive distances. Generally it can be held that as economies emerge and adapt to work together, they experience growth and opportunities to expand across national borders. It can also be advocated strongly that increased globalisation has created fierce competition amongst economies, nations, corporations and individuals. The concept of globalisation is not as simple as it jingles along. Repercussions of the process are severe. This article discusses major implications created by globalisation for Governments, organisations and individuals. The article strongly advocates a neutral perspective, the pros and cons of globalisation. The pro and anti-globalist agenda, challenges faced by governments an d its effects on individual organisations have been considered to explain the phenomenon referred to as globalisation. (ACCA, 2011) As globalisation become more universal, responses against and for have materialised. The powerful pro-globalisation lobby advocates their perspective as being adequate. Their argument indeed has much weight. They strongly support the idea that globalisation brings forth opportunities for nearly every one. Increased competition amongst organisations can provide numerous opportunities for individual growth and would create better employment opportunities. It reduces the impact of few capitalists dictating the economy as they see fit. Thereby increasing standards of living amongst the citizens and pushing the GDP positive. The main pro-globalisation organisations promoting it are the World Trade Organisation and the World Economic forum. The world trade organisation is a member driven institute. Its purpose of existence is to oversee the global rules of tr ade between nations. Its core responsibility is to make certain that trade flows smoothly and freely. Similarly the world economic forum is an independent organisation involved in improving the worlds business, academic and political environments. Both the organisations through series of debate and negotiations with member countries have achieved milestones which seemed impossible at one stage (Macdonald,

Response to teacher- changes in attitudes towards sex Essay

Response to teacher- changes in attitudes towards sex - Essay Example As a result of the growing influence of media on the society, American family system has been affected in a variety of negative ways. The collective effect of changing attitudes toward sex has been of weakening the family as the building block of the society. American society is becoming increasingly approving of the gay rights. Unlike the past, when homosexual tendency was considered as an abnormal behavior, homosexuality is being increasingly approved of and is being given similar status to heterosexuality. A positive effect of these changing attitudes toward sex is that sex education today has become more of a need than a choice. More people can be educated on the risks of unhealthy sexual behaviors. A negative effect, however, is that more educated people advocate in favor of abortion associating it with women’s liberty and freedom, thus increasing the rate of abortions in the country (Aulette, 2010). Overall, circumstances have become conducive for increase in the premari tal sex amongst

Compulsory Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Compulsory Education - Essay Example e year 2010, the act of increasing the age for compulsory education by the 6 US states including Indiana, Nevada, South Dakota, Illinois, Nebraska and New Hampshire in the 6 years from 2002 to 2008 resulted in a manifold increase in the graduation rates of students in 2 of the 6 states, namely South Dakota and Illinois, while only 1 state i.e. Nevada experienced a slight decline in the graduation rates (NCSL). The rest of the three states generally sustained the same graduation rates as they were before the year 2002. Leadership comes with power. Power comes with resources. Resources come with technology, technology comes with research and research makes use of existing knowledge. Compulsory education has spread this knowledge, and has thus, made America able to lead the world. Besides, the concept of home schooling is not very common in other countries of the world, but since the government obliges all parents to get their children educated in all cases, people in US not willing to send their children out of the home for any kind of reason have found the solution of their problem in home schooling. â€Å"A homeschooling movement is sweeping the nation – with 1.5 million children now learning at home, an increase of 75 percent since 1999† (Schilling). 1. The compulsory education has not only boosted the literacy rate in many states of US i.e. about 97 per cent in 2005 (Data360), but it has also resulted into an increase in the quality of all types of schools. 1. Although a lot of research has recently gone into exploring ways to make home schooling come at par with the other types of schoolings, yet the difference is too much to completely eliminate, and hence, all children under the compulsory education have not been able to receive the same quality of education. 2. On the other hand, some parents don’t like the idea of sending their children to public or private schools because of their fear of physical and verbal abuse, violence, and racism that is quite

Management in GIFC Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management in GIFC Company - Case Study Example The company management should take an audit of the entire organization and get an understanding of their marketplace. Some of the issues Maria and the associates should survey the competitive environment to know the companies offering similar products. The company should establish whether there are other companies offering Chinese or Greek foods that Johnny suggests as an investment of the GIFC Company. The company should also establish the organization's real competencies to venture into a new expansion. For instance, it would be advisable for all the entire management team to join a management institute and acquire specific skills to suit their roles. The other step to assist the management to strategize the activities of the company and its expansion by identifying what is important (Brasfield, 2012). The company management should focus on where they have to take their organization over time to create a long-term defined mission. The most important things to bear in mind for the organization to grow are the customers, the market size, and the products they will offer to their clients. In addition, employee welfare, communication, and motivation are key issues for consideration (Brasfield, 2012). The conceptualizations of what the organization’s future should appear will enable it to achieve its vision and grow tremendously. The organization management should their priorities that will require the full and immediate attention of the whole team. The strategic plan should, therefore, focus on such issues to ensure that the right decisions are made they can embark on major changes for expansion of their business operations.

Bilby Case Study- persuassive writing portfolio Essay

Bilby Case Study- persuassive writing portfolio - Essay Example The future, any future, hospital or no hospital, is built on the foundation of our past: Our natural history and our man-made heritage. A new hospital is a brilliant idea. Destroying our natural history and heritage to build a new hospital is nothing but a headlong rush into the future with a foundation of sand: A race to the future with no foundation in the past. Bilbys blessing, and its curse, is its persona as a byword for local tranquility. Located off the highway, a century-and-a-half after the Gold Rush, time had largely past Bilby by until the production of City Stress, Country Pleasures. Now, Bilby is famous as the home of local tranquility, and its future, is contingent on preserving that image. A new district hospital will do nothing to facilitate that image and, if anything, undermine it. The development of Bilby, in a sustainable manner, must be predicated on preservation of local tranquility. Visitors seeking pastoral peace and quiet not visiting hospital patients are the key to Bilbys future. Preservation and restoration of the natural environment not enhancing the built environment is the key to Bilbys future. Preservation and restoration of Bilbys built heritage, not new development, is the key to Bilbys future success. John Russell, founder of Bilby Landcare, will be hosting a special event at the entrance to the Bilby Cemetery on Saturday, January 8, 2011 at noon. It will kick-off Bilby Landcares campaign to protect the cemetery and the community from reckless development. Joining John will be Garrett Pietro of Grassroots who will be debuting his new song about preserving the natural and built heritage of Bilby. John Russells past, present and future are embedded in Bilby. Born and raised here he left Bilby for university and returned to take over Russell Native Nursery in 1993. His commitment to the community deepened further when he stood for election to the shire council. Johns personal, professional and political lives are all

Great Expectaion & She Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Great Expectaion & She - Essay Example In realism, characterization and development of the character is more important than the plot or the setting. The characters move within their own personality, social class and past. The events happening around him are believable and one might think that the story must have a hint of truth in history. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens and She by Rider Haggard are just two of the many novels that used realism to show reality and its possible connection to history and life. Both novels used realist devices to emphasize the possibility of the story to happen in real life. The realist devices used in the novels gives the reader the feeling of actuality. The discussions or depictions of social class and societal problems and change give more truthfulness in the literature as the reader can somehow relate to the setting, the events and the characters described in the novel. Since literary realism depicts life and plausible events that may happen in the past and in the present, one device used to emphasize its connection to the real world is using first person narration. Both Dickens and Haggard used this in their novels in which they describe what is happening through the eyes of the narrator. It is an effective tool as such characterization of the narrator emphasizes that he, as the narrator, saw everything that happened through his own eyes. The reader becomes closer to the main character through the use of first-person narration. It makes the reader almost see the narrator’s eyes looking outward and describing the events in the story. In Great Expectations, the use of ‘I’ makes the reader see more closely and identify with Pip, the main character of the story. Dickens plunges the reader into the depths of thoughts of the narrator by allowing the reader to see through the eyes of the main character. The shift of the narrator’s perspective from telling his story through child eyes and through mature eyes, the shift from a

Customer Expectations & Environment Analysis Essay

Customer Expectations & Environment Analysis - Essay Example Bus services with four lines serving the city and suburbs is complements the transportation options. Many of the rooms in this property have a great view of Lake Geneva and surrounding mountains. What we want is to create a space in between where the global glamourous/cool crowd meets the local hip crowd. This potential crowd is served well by the Swiss hospitality. We offer a space where Swiss efficiency meets the simple, modern and productive Scandinavian customs and traditions, providing convenient locations for lunch and after-work drinks. We used Google Hotel Finder to scan the competition in the area. We found places with rates as high as CHF400 at Lausanne Palace and places as low as CHF112 at Ibis Lausanne. Our target clientelle is well traveled and well-educated business professionals who are looking for exotic experience(s) rather than product(s) offereing mundane experience(s) and run of the mill environment. We differentiate ourselves from our competition by creating a novel space. Our hotel will offer rates between CHF130-150 including power breakfast, the most important meal of the day, and more importantly free wifi which not many properties have the facility. But it must be kept in mind that the price(s) will fluctuate depending on the season, day of week, and length of stay etc. Taking into account the location of the property, and bearing in mind the target clients/customers/markets based on the analysis of benefits considered by the said clients/customers/markets, we are propose to brand and position our concept as follows: As can be seen from the proposed pricing, we plan to place ourselves between the 5-star hotels and the economy/ budget ones. However, such a pricing does not mean that we will comprise on the facilities and amenities that are required by our target market. It will be â€Å"affordable luxury†, as expounded by

Exploring the Past Essay Example for Free

Exploring the Past Essay All of us have little secrets which we don’t want to share with others – things which we are ashamed of, things which are too intimate to tell or just things which happened in the past and we don’t want to tell them because they may hurt someone or they may cause troubles to us. I have the perfect example that exploring the past sometimes may be painful. I have a friend – Lora- which is very amorous and gives all of herself for her boyfriend. But her ex one didn’t understand that. Tom – her ex-boyfriend was very weird and he wanted to know all about Lora’s previous relationships. One day he asked her why she has broken up with her last boyfriend. At first she didn’t want to talk about that but he was urging her. So she told Tom that she has betrayed her last boyfriend and that was the reason of their parting. When she has been at a party at a friend of her she has got very drunk and a boy from the party has embraced the opportunity and got alone with her. In the morning she couldn’t remember anything but it has been too late. The lover had gone off. Her only fault was that she had drunk so much but she wasn’t guilty for the rest of the occurrence. But her then boyfriend didn’t understand that and he left her although she loved him very much. As for Tom he thought Lora could do that again. They have been together for two years and he chucked her up because she might repeat the same mistake again. It was such a stupid reason. She could correct her mistake but she loved Tom very much. He loved her too but feelings were obviously insufficient to keep them together. They both pined after each other for a long but they didn’t get together again. We can’t return the time and fix our mistakes, nobody can change the past. So it is extremely purposeless to explore the old times. It’s just a waste of time which we can spend in creating the future.

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Example for Free

Education Policy In Bangladesh Essay Introduction â€Å"Insurance is a way of protecting against these financial losses†. â€Å"General insurance or non-life insurance policies, including automobile and homeowners Policies provide payments depending on the loss from a particular financial event†. Anyone who owns an asset can buy insurance to protect it against losses due to fire or theft And so on. Each one of us can insure our and our dependents’ health and well being through hospitalization and personal accident policies. In this report we tried to show that how general insurance business operates in Bangladesh how important it is for economy what types of problem it faces in our country. Objective of the Study Primary objective The main objective of the study is to know how the insurance business works in our country. Secondary objective: The case study has the following objectives: To know about the insurance company (Based on three insurance companies.) To know about general insurance its classification. Company Overview Green Delta Insurance Company Limited (GDIC) is one of the leading private non life insurance companies in Bangladesh. GDIC was incorporated in December 14, 1985 as a public limited company, under the Companies Act 1913.  Actual operations started on 1st January 1986, with a paid up capital of BDT 30.00 million. Now, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. is amassed about BDT 637.875 million with a credit rating of AA1 and ST1. GDIC holds the proud distinction of being the first ever company to raise its paid up capital to such a level. This is also the 1st Insurance Company in Bangladesh to have equity partnership with IFC. With a presence in the strategically important parts of the country, which includes 38 branches, Green Delta Insurance Company Ltd. has established its prominent presence with equity participation in Delta Brace Housing Ltd., Progressive Life Insurance Co Ltd, United Hospital Ltd. Fin Excel Ltd. and BD Venture Ltd. Green Delta Capital Ltd. and Green Delta Securitie s Ltd. are two of the direct subsidiaries. GDIC provides stock brokerage services through Green Delta Securities Ltd. (GDSL) and investment supports through Green Delta Capital Ltd. (GDCL). As a part of the recognition for the contribution in the development of the insurance industry and for maintaining the standard of service, the company has been considered as one of the top 500 companies according to the renowned Rating Agency, Dun Bradstreet Rate Agency of Bangladesh. The company has also been awarded with many national and international awards like –‘’ICAB National Awards’’ for Best Published Accounts, ICMAB Best Corporate Award in Insurance category, ‘‘Certificate of Merit’’ for the Best Presented Accounts Award in the category ‘Insurance Sector’ by the South Asian Federation of Accounts (SAFA), ‘‘International Quality Crown Award’’ by BID International in London, The BIZZ Award by World Business confederation of Business, USA for leadership, Excellence in a management, Quality and Marketing, ‘‘The Diamond Eye Award For Quality Excellence’’ by BID OTHERWAYS, The Platinum Technology Award for Quality Best trade name by Association Other Ways in Berlin, International Star Award for Leadership in quality in the Gold, Platinum and Diamond categories and many more. With the slogan â€Å"Marches with time† during the last 28 years GDIC has been helping people in their time of need; pulling out all the steps when needed, and has been proud to be a partner in progress. Our Vision Our vision is to mature into a sustainable, coherent organization, raise competitiveness to the highest level in the insurance industry, maintain  high profitability balanced quantitative growth and exceed customer’s expectations by offering legendary services, embrace a new corporate identity and creative corporate culture. Our Mission Our mission is to create shareholders value through customer’s satisfaction and employee’s commitment to excellence. Our Strength Constant pursuit of suitable strategies has made the company the leading insurer of Bangladesh for over two decades. Our Belief We believe that client must stand at the center of our all activities. We have the ability to optimally fulfill the client’s needs based on risk management with minimum cost and personalized services Finding: Products Services Corporate Risk Management Industrial All Risk Insurance including Machinery Insurance and Business Interruption Property All Risk Insurance including Business Interruption Electronic Equipments and Computer Insurance Professional Indemnity Insurance Comprehensive Machinery Insurance Comprehensive General Liability (CGL) Product Public Liability Insurance Directors and Officers Liability (DO) Fire and Allied Perils Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Financial Cash-in-safe, Cash-in-transit Cash-on-counter Insurance Portfolio Cover Credit Card Indemnity Insurance Bankers Blanket Insurance Bank Lockers Insurance A.T.M. Booth Insurance Banc assurance Retail SME Fire and Allied Peril Insurance Marine Cargo and Hull Insurance Personal Accident Health Insurance Overseas Mediclaim Insurance Micro Insurance Micro Health Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Household Insurance Motor Insurance Peoples Personal Accident Policy Comprehensive Travel Insurance Conventional Aviation Insurance Automobile Insurance Workmen Compensation Insurance Miscellaneous Insurance Engineering Insurance (Erection all Risk, Contractors all Risk, Deterioration of Stock Boiler Pressure Vessel Insurance, business intemiption Crop Insurance Nlbedlta-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Weather Index Based Insurance Investment Portfolio Management Underwriting Pre-IPO placement Syndication Trusteeship Green Delta Insurance is known for its innovation and services. Today ´s competitive insurance market is driving the market to think and Winovate now products and services and GDIC have been doing with its authentic. Beside the Traditional insurance portfolio GDIC introduced following personal line of products in last year and some them are in pipeline: Health Insurance Household Insurance Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women Cellular Phone Contingency Insurance Weather Index Based Insurance Personal Accident Insurance Policy for Migrant workers It is matter of great pride that GDIC has introduced an insurance product first time ever in Bangladesh which is designed only for the females named as Nibedita-Comprehensive Insurance Policy for Women. GDIC has also designed first ever Weather Index Based Insurance for the farmers of Bangladesh which will be launched shortly. In Briefly Fire Insurance Basic cover: Fire Lightning Explosion(domestic) Damage during or immediately following Fire caused by – smoke, scorching, Falling walls, water used for extinguishing Fire, blowing up building for preventing Spread of fire. This coverage can be extended to include other perils by the additional premium; Riot, Strike Terrorism Storm, Flood Subsidence Landslide Aircraft damage Bursting or overflowing of tanks. Health Insurance The health policy provides for reimbursement of hospitalization/domiciliary hospitalization expenses for illness/disease suffered or accidental injury sustained during the policy period. Under this scheme the expenses for treatment in a hospital for an illness or injury are insured. It does not cover for any expenses in respect of domiciliary or outdoor treatment. Covers: Hospitalization due to accident or illness. Ancillary services like ICU/CCU room, post-operative room, blood transfusion, special investigations, etc. Labor room services. Intensive care facility. Oxygen therapy. Skilled nursing services. Blood transfusions. Ambulance services. Dressing while in confinement and test other than the routine investigations. Marine Insurance The oldest branch of insurance. Comprises: a. Cargo Insurance. b. Hull Insurance. Lloyd ´s is the famous world ´s Marine insurance market. Marine Insurance Act 1906. HULL INSURANCE Concerns the insurance of ships. Hull, machinery etc. CARGO INSURANCE Plays an important role in domestic trade as well as international trade. Provides insurance cover in respect of loss of or damage to goods during transit by –rail, -road -sea -air Burglary Insurance Scope of Cover Lost by burglary Housebreaking following upon an actual forcible and violent entry into or exit from the premises by the person or persons. Then the company will pay to the extent of such loss to the extent of the intrinsic value of the descriptive value of the insured. Exclusions: Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc. Uncover able property: Deeds, bonds, stamp collections, bank or currency. Theft by persons lawfully on the premises. Any legal liability, Loss or damage during the progress of or following upon fire or explosion. Earthquake, war, Riot, Civil war, Invasion etc Company overview Delta Life Insurance Co. Ltd. established mainly through the initiative of a group of Bangladeshi professionals then working abroad along with a few enthusiastic local entrepreneurs, started its operation in December, 1986 after the Government of Bangladesh allowed the private sector to operate in the insurance sector in 1984 to carry on the business of insurance in the Private Sector. A brief explanation as to the growth of life insurance business in Bangladesh is in order here. Bangladesh declared independence from the Pakistani rules on March 26, 1971 following which she had to witness a bloody liberation struggle with the occupation forces lasting for 9 months before they were defeated. Insurance business which was exclusively carried on in private sector before independence was nationalized after liberation in 1972 primarily to address the emerging situation of eroding public confidence in the industry that was left staggeringly short of resources in the face of huge losses caus ed by the war of liberation. After a series of experimentation, a state-owned body, namely Jiban Bima Corporation (JBC), established in May, 1973 for transacting the life insurance business, took over the assets and liabilities under life portfolios of all erstwhile private insurance companies and started business in its own name. Since inception, Delta Life set before itself a high  standard of all round performance coextensive with professional soundness and proficiency. It soon made a mark in the life insurance arena by not only being the leader among the private sector indigenous companies, but by undertaking and successfully implementing innovative and welfare oriented life insurance schemes. It introduced an array of conventional life and group insurance products many of which were the first in Bangladesh. For the first time, health insurance products were also introduced by Delta Life. But more importantly, in fulfillment of the avowed commitment towards social development, Delta Life for the first time not only in Bangladesh but probably in the World, devised and introduced micro-life insurance-cum-savings products specially suited to the needs and pockets of poor people of the country who constitute more than 80% of the people of Bangladesh. Two projects of the company namely Grameen Bima for the rural people and Gono Bima for the poor and marginal savers of the urban areas were initiated to devote them slave exclusively to marketing and management of these innovative products. We are happy to report that we have achieved a good measure of success although there is a long way to go. These schemes that we have introduced have created great stir and enthusiasm among th e general mass who, before these projects started functioning, could not even dream of owning a policy that provides the much needed life insurance coverage along with facility of regular savings on a long-term basis. At a later stage i.e. in the year 2002, the projects were merged into a division of Delta Life, namely, Gono Grameen Bima Division. The GNGRB Division has been growing at a first rate of more than 25% p.a. for the last couple of the years and is poised to maintain this growth rate at least in the next five years or so. Delta Life can take pride in moulding the saving habits of the lower and middle class people and transforming them into prospective policyholders. The potential is now so strongly perceived that all life insurance companies old and new alike operating in the country have started their own micro insurance products. Finding Ordinary Life Insurance Delta Life offers a wide variety of ordinary life product/plans ranging from the most common endowment type to more modern and sophisticated plans like endowment with open term, pension plan with built in provision for  increasing pension, increasing protection with provision for premium refund etc. The plans have been designed keeping in view the diverse and multifaceted needs of the insuring public belonging to different strata of the society. Some of the popular plans are briefly described below. Group Life Insurance Group Insurance is an instrument for providing life insurance coverage (protection) to a number of individuals under a single contract (policy) who are associated together for a common interest other than insurance. It is the most cost effective means to provide immediate financial support to an insured member and/or his family in case of devastating events like-death, disability, disease as well as retirement. Group Insurance has already established its importance as a component of Employee Benefit Package in Bangladesh. Exclusive features of Group Insurance are: Insurance coverage to a number of individuals under a single contract. Simple insurable conditions Easy administrative procedure Prompt claim settlement Affordable premium Tax exemption on premium Delta Life offers a host of Group-Life Insurance schemes from which an organization/ employer may choose for benefits of its members/employees, as may best serve their interest according to organizational setup. To be treated as a group, the following criteria need to be fulfilled. A Group Should comprise of at least 15 members It should be a legitimately organized body Group clients of Delta Life Insurance Company Limited include: Semi-Government organization, autonomous bodies Private, Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) Educational Financial Institutions Public Limited Companies Associations, Business organizations etc. Group Life Insurance Schemes offered by Delta Life are of two types: Traditional Schemes: For insurance coverage of members/employees of a Group Exclusive Schemes: For insurance coverage of clients of Financial Institutions Traditional Scheme: These are the commonly offered Group-Life Insurance schemes and are also known as Basic Schemes: These are: Short Term Contract Group Term Life Insurance Scheme (GT) Group Term Life with Premium Refund Scheme (GTR) Long Term Contract Group Endowment Life Insurance Scheme (GEN) Group Pension Scheme (GP) There are several variants of Basic Schemes. Examples of two variants of GTR are GTR-100/10: Group Term Life with 100% Premium Refund after 10 years GTR-50/10 : Group Term Life with 50% Premium Refund after 10 year Health Insurance Health Insurance is now considered indispensable in developed countries. In the present financial-social perspective of Bangladesh as well, Health Insurance has now become an essential, dependable, acceptable and the most cost effective means to make the modern treatment facilities affordable to all socio-economic classes of people, especially the fixed income group. As a pioneer of Health Insurance in Bangladesh, Delta Life Insurance Company offers several Health Insurance Schemes, which are as follows: Hospitalization (In-patient) treatment coverage plans Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Group)- offered to Members of a group and their dependants (if desired) Hospitalization Insurance Plan (Individual) – offered to an Individual as well as his or her dependant family members also known as Delta Care Hospitalization Plan. Out-patient treatment coverage plans Out-patient Insurance Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Out-patient Management Plan Offered as an adjunct to Group Hospitalization Overseas treatment coverage plan for travelers Overseas Medicliam Policy (OMP) – A pre-requisite for visa application offered only to Individuals traveling abroad. Hospitalization Insurance Plans Covers in-patient (Hospitalization) treatment expenses of an insured member Expenses Covered under Hospitalization Insurance Plans Hospital Accommodation Consultation Fee Medicine Accessories Medical Investigations Surgical Operation Ancillary Services like Blood Transfusion, Ambulance Service, Dressing etc. General Features of the Scheme No need for preliminary Medical Examination during enrolment. Treatment coverage round the clock inclusive of Accidents and Emergencies. Coverage offered to Bangladeshi National as well as resident foreigner. Treatment at any renowned hospital or clinic by consultant of own choice. Preferential service at Designated Hospital. Direct payment of treatment expenses by the company at Designated Hospital. Reimbursement of expenses for treatment at non-designated hospital. Membership ID card for each insured to facilitate preferential services. Option for Maternity Benefit and Overseas Treatment coverage. Provision for inclusion of Spouse Children under the plan. Provision for inclusion of new member under the plan. Coverage up to 65 years under Group HI 60 years under Individual HI plan. Two types of plans with several benefit grades to choose from. Option to choose more than one grade according to status of the members of a group. Option to alter benefit grade during renewal. Gono Grameen Bima Delta Life first launched Micro-insurance product in 1988 through its Grameen Bima Project (GRB) to cater to the necessity of economic protection against premature death and of disability as well as providing a way for regular savings for the poor and low income group of people living in villages. Later it started another project in 1994, namely, Gono Bima (GNB) for the urban poor and the low income class. These projects are now merged under the  name of Gono-Grameen Bima Project (GN-GRB). The initial problems apart, the project started to yield impressive results right from the beginning by creating great interest among the target population who could not even perceive an institutional arrangement through which the ever present problems of insecurity of life could be addressed. To suit the needs and pockets of the target people, and for efficient management of these portfolios, some of the age-old traditional concepts of carrying on life insurance business had to be diluted and in some cases replaced by simple and straightforward practices. Yet, the results are so encouraging that Delta Life is now regarded far and wide as the undisputed leader espousing the cause of welfare of teeming millions and its experiences are now used to advantage not only by indigenous companies but also other micro-savings organizations abroad. Target Group and the Product In GN-GRB the formalities are minimum. Insurance Cover is given under Group Insurance concept. A person interested in a policy submits a simple two-page proposal form; it is signed or thumb imprinted by him or her. There is no need for medical check-up. The person needs to be between 18 and 45 years of age, have a monthly income of Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) or less, be of good health and supply a Declaration of Good Health (DGH) at the time of submitting the Proposal form. Death through pregnancy complications within the first year of the policy and death through suicide in the first year of the policy are not covered under an exclusion clause. Simple endowment with profit policies are offered for 10 and 15 years term both with premium payment mode being weekly or monthly. Premium rate is the same irrespective of age at entry. Besides this plan, new plans like three-payment plan with 12 and 15 years term and double protection endowment plan have recently been introduced. Policy Documents Upon acceptance of the proposal, a pass book is issued to the policyholder detailing all terms and conditions of the policy. The pass book serves as the purpose of recording of all payments made by him towards the policy. There is one group policy document for the policyholders of each Thana or Block. For individual policyholders the passbook serves as policy document. Micro Investment (Loan) GN-GRB gives small project loans to its policyholders on a group liability basis. No collateral is required. There is 20% service charge on the loans, which is calculated at a flat rate and added to the principal amount. The loan, together with the service charge, is repayable in 12 equal monthly installments. The repayments are collected from door to door by the organizers. Recently a decision has been taken to establish small collection booths in the villages. A person must be a policyholder and pay premiums for at least one year before being eligible for a loan. The maximum loan given is Tk. 5,000.00 (US $100.00) per policyholder. The loans are for income generating activities (IGA) only. Policyholders form a committee of 5 to 7 members. 3 policyholders selected by the committee are given the first loan. After recovery of 3 installments from each of the first three borrowers, the next 3 are given their loans and so on. As a general rule, 60% of the premium income of an area and 40 % of the repaid loan of an area are available for loan in that area. Also 100% of premium collection of a committee is available for loan to that committee. Company overview Crystal Insurance Company Limited is one of the leading general insurance (Non Life) company in private sector in Bangladesh. The company transacts a wide range of General Insurance business in Bangladesh and expertise in the field with sound and stable financial position. Our Mission To provide prompt, efficient and professionalized services for maximum risk coverage of the insured. To provide insurance coverage at the most competitive premium rate ensuring maximum security. To promote Human Resource development and professionalism in insurance business. To settle insurance claim promptly. CICL believes in the quality of the deals struck rather than the quantity of it. With our knowledge and expertise it is our commitment to the insuring community to deliver them the highest standard of security and professionalism. Finding Fire Insurance Fire Insurance Policy (including R SD, Flood, Cyclone Earthquake coverage) Industrial All Risks (IAR) Engineering Insurance Machinery Insurance {Machinery Breakdown Policy (MBD)} Deterioration of Stock (DOS) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (BPV) Electronic Equipment Insurance (EEI) Erection All Risk Policy (EAR) Contractor’s All Risk Policy (CAR) Motor Insurance Motor Insurance for Commercial Vehicle Motor Insurance for Private Vehicle Motor Insurance for Motor Cycle/Scooter Marine Cargo Insurance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Steamer or Power Vessel Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Rail/Lorry/Truck Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Rail or Road Conveyance Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Inland Cargoes (water borne) Marine Cargo Insurance transit by Air Cargo Miscellaneous Burglary House Breaking Insurance Cash-in-Safe Cash-in-Transit Cash-in-Premises Cash-in-counter People personal Accident Workmen’s Compensation Policy Business Interruption Overseas Med claim and Holiday Insurance Public Liability Policy Product Liability Policy Consequential Loss Householders Comprehensive Policy

Guide to industrial relations for new union members

Guide to industrial relations for new union members Employee Relations: The guide to industrial relations for new union members 1.1 Aspects of industrial relations. Unitarist-V-Pluralist â€Å"The pressure on Human Resources Management to be strategic is almost as intense now as the campaign to persuade us to eat healthily. We all believe it is a good thing to be strategic- career progressive for ourselves, prestigious for our progression and it might even do our organizations good as well†. (Harriott and Pinder, 1992: pg 36) Pluralistic and Unitary frames of reference are part of the new industrial relations resolution that is there to prevent actions that would result in industrial dispute. Both frames of reference look at the views of employees and how organization deals with them, if they do. Below is a model of Guest (1989), which is also the work of many theorists, which looks at the frames of reference, and how they differ. Unitarist:  ·Traditional unitarist  ·Sophisticated unitarist Pluralist:  ·New industrial relations pluralist  ·Opportunistic pluralist  ·Sophisticated pluralist  ·Traditional pluralist The Unitarists view: this form of reference looks at businesses that believe that the employees should share the same goals as the overall organization. A Pluralist looks at and accepts that employees will not all share the same goals and views as the overall organization. This also affects the presence of Union representative role within the organization, and how they view their roles. For example, Unitarists find it difficult to accept that the Union has such a major role in the organization, but Pluralist welcome the idea of their presence and regard them as an essential role for employees motivation in the workplace. â€Å"Most managers took the line that since they could get what they wanted through negotiations or by acting out unilaterally, there was no need to attack the unions†. (Kessder and Bayliss, 1992, pg. 35) For example IBM and Hewitt Packard have followed the culture side of sophisticated approach of unitarists, where they emphasise the importance of every employee having the same objectives as the company. They also have strong emphasis on having a sophisticated selection process of new employees, along with training and employment involvement. The majority of the employees in their company are non-union. Guest (2001) also describes four possible industrial strategies (orientations) that may be followed: The new realism: This is when a company considers human resource management and industrial relations highly regarded for the company and their employees. An example of this put into practice is by a company called Thorn Lighting, whom state that the new realism is something they strongly believe in: New styles of union given more power Employment is top agenda Emphasis on career and personal development To also continue increasing skills and tools and techniques to support world class initiative. (Thorn Lighting) Traditional collectivism: This is the emphasis being place on industrial relations without HRM. Stakeholders are directly affected by the companies culture and attitude of employee relations; â€Å"the rationale for employee relations is to solve the problem that in a labour market the buyers (employers) and sellers (employees) have an endemic conflict of interests over the prices at which they wish to exchange their services†. (Gennard and Judge (2003)) Employee relations strategy is something that has to work successfully to make the company overall successful. Employees have a vast interest in how the company is performing; for the job security, if the business is not performing as well as it should, will this mean that they would lose their job? Involving employees in some business decision making will allow them to feel that they are important to the company and could increase job motivation and loyalty. This will decrease the need for any industrial actions or union interference. Union members will also have a interest in the business, seeing how 1.2 Union History Kochan (1980) sees industrial relations as emphasizing the study of all aspects of people at work, including all individuals as well as group workers (who may or may not organise into a trade union), the behaviour of employers and union organizations, together with the public policy or legal framework governing employment conditions. The union membership has been rising and then falling over the years, especially with the Margaret Thatcher era, which could be due to the large unions that tried and failed against the government, they included: Miners Steel workers Civil servants Hospital workers And printers The union membership fell from 13million to 12million in 1979, but there were still 300,000 shop stewards and reps, 47 out of 50 top UK companies still were unionized. Striking in 1994 hit an all time low, when only 278,000 days were lost by strike action. The total for the first nine months of 1995 was 238,00; since then Job Centre staff, Merseyside Fire-Fighters, Ford and Vauxhall workers have taken strike action. An unofficial strike action was taken in Scotland by postal workers, which led to victory. â€Å"There are no doubts that people are saying enough is enough and the membership is moving ahead of the trade union leadership† (Ken Cameron-Daily Mail). With the new labour government in 1997, they began to see trade unions as an advantage, which could be used to encourage workplace learning. In May 1998, the union learning funding was created to encourage and provide government funding for ‘innovative trade union projects. This involves the promotion of workplace learning, which 28,000 people have benefited from additional learning opportunities. (In the first four years) In April 2003, legal status was brought in for ‘union learning representatives, which indicated that government believe that training is an important aspect of improvement in employee relations. This would also encourage the bargaining agenda and partnership promotion of between employers and unions. This will economically be important to the government as it will improve the skills of workers, but it will also create harmony in the workplace, therefore preventing industrial action. 1.3+1.4: Roles involved in employee relations Trade unions The aim of trade unions are to give employees job protection, the improvement of pay and conditions, and to also industrial democracy. What do unions do for there members? Negotiate pay and conditions Give advice and information Defend employee rights Resolve conflict Provide services for members I.e. legal help 1998 figures for other union memberships: UNISON: (public services) 1,300,451 TG: (general) 881,357 NUT: (teachers) 172,852 FBU: (firefighters) 56,943 Source: Labour Research Grouped union types: Craft and occupational unions: White collar unions: this union is for employed in a professional environment e.g. office based. Blue collar unions: these workers are involved in manual employment General unions: this union is specific to those that are not already in a union, but do not have a craft or skill Industrial unions: industrial unions organise their own unions that are specific to their industry. Trades unions can be organized on the basis of occupation, industry or make-up a general union with different groups of unions join. Representatives are elected at the workplace, with discussions with management, which are then linked with regional and national level union structure and services. Regional and national level unions focus mainly on negotiating with employers over pay and conditions. Nationally, some unions may join together to form one or more national unions e.g. Trade Union Congress (TUC). TUC: The TUC is a national trade union centre, a collaboration of trade unions in the UK. They have union representatives of over six and a half million working people, whilst campaigning for a fair deal at work and for social justice home and abroad. The TUC is highly regarded and recognized as the voice of Britain. The TUC is the largest voluntary organization in Britain, whom have 76 members of unions that campaign for the workers; Fairness Decent standards of working environment Health and safety Equal opportunities However, the TUC is not seen as highly powered, as individual unions are not bound by the decisions that the TUC make. Their main activities of the TUC is to: Pressure and influence government policy, that includes labour and union issues They also make the decisions for members of the unions on rules and legislation, however they do not interfere with the day-to-day running of individual unions. The confederation of British Industry (CBI) was formed in 1965, though similar to the TUC, it differs as the voices of the employees are heard, not the voices of the union members. Members of the CBI are from: Private sector industries Service and commercial enterprise Public sector Employers association Trade association And Chambers of Commerce. They have regional offices that help to deal with local and area issues, which enables them to keep in touch with small businesses and local employers, to resolve any issues that they may have. Like the TUC, they also attempt to influence government decision making Provides legal, financial and economical advice to all of their members Has links in Europe, for the interest of the British industry in the European union They also consult with bodies such as ACAS, in association with the TUC also. Employee representatives act as the main voice for the employees, which includes the process of collective bargaining/negotiation. Being a rep is on a voluntary basis and are elected by the employees that they will represent. Employee reps can make improvement to employee relations, as they are able to be the main voice towards the management for the employees. This could help improve the harmony of the workplace, and could disrupt any dispute that could happen in the near future, due to good communication and sound negotiating. This will then begin to create a trusting relationship, especially between line managers and employees, as any grievance will be dealt with through the help of their rep. Employers are seeing the benefits of active employees in the union, which has a direct impact on employee relations. Employees will improve their people relations and competency skills, which would therefore improve their efficiency and improve overall job satisfaction, communication and motivation within the work place. As issues will be resolved through the increased communication, then it is likely that employees will have the motivation and satisfaction to work to the best of their abilities. The direct impact of de-motivated employees are low production, which means low profit and it will have a domino affect on the other stakeholders that have an interest in the business too. Line managers also have a direct affect on the sufficient running of the work floor and can affect the attitudes of the workers. Communication is key to the relationship between line managers and employees, this brings the importance of how the rep can make the difference to the working environment. Collective disputes: Strike actions: this involves a complete stoppage of work by the union members employees due to their grievances being unresolved from unsuccessful bargaining. Strikes are taken up on by labour unions during the collective bargaining process. When the collective bargaining negotiations breakdown, strike action is usually taken as the last resort. This is due to both parties unable to reach an agreement. Government intervention has always been highly regarded to the governments overall party, as industrial disputes can have a damaging affect on the economy. Currently the government funds a number of bodies that can resolve any future industrial disputes that may occur. They fund the ACAS scheme, which was set up in 1974 and was given statutory rights under the Employment Protection Act 1975. ACAS attempt to resolve any disputes before further action is taken by the union. â€Å"The current ACAS, originally called the Conciliation and Arbitration Service, was set up with an independent council to direct it in 1974. Advisory was added to the name in 1975 to reflect the full range of services on offer. Finally, in 1976, the new organisation was put on a statutory footing and receives its funding through the Department of Trade and Industry†. (Derek Torrington-2005) Advantages of using ACAS in a dispute: Results can be quick, it day take less than a day to resolve the dispute Can be a cost-efficient method Flexible for the organization Opportunities for appeal are very limited Legal representatives are not required, so this method is very cost affective Services that ACAS provide: Industrial disputes: ACAS will intervene in its conciliation duties if an industrial dispute takes place, with the request of union group members or management. Arbitration: this is where both parties put their case forward, so ACAS can assess each case and then recommends any decisions that could be made Advisory work: ACAS carry out advisory work with employers, trade unions and employers association. Code of practice: ACAS issue a code of practice, which advises how to improve industrial relations between employers and employees. Enquiries: ACAS are well informed and publish booklets on labour turnover and appraisal systems etc, to help improve industrial relations and personnel management practice. Individual cases: ACAS individually investigates an employee grievance from unfair dismissal to discrimination. Tribunals: ACAS overall aim is to settle any matter of grievance without using the courts as a method. The central arbitration committee: If agreements cannot be reached, then employees have the option of the Central arbitration Committee (CAC), which is a government body which is designed to assist with union queries. The committee first encourage the union to try and resolve the issue first hand. If this fails then the committee will recognize this and union could then hold a ballot. The CAC have the power to instruct the employer to co-operate with the ballot or risk a fine. Example of resolving a dispute: ITV have set ways to help communicate with their employees approach to dispute and have procedures put in place to avoid conflict. ITV uses a wide range of direct communication methods to engage with individual employees. ITVs intranet, known as Watercooler, provides a daily online update on news affecting ITV directly and theres a weekly Watercooler for employees who are not online. Other methods of communication includes the 60-second update-produced monthly by central communications and setting out whats going on in the business. This includes individual development reviews, briefing meetings, workshops and using individual relationships with the line manager. This is then monitored to see if this affected through employee surveys. The company also engages in collective bargaining through elected representatives because the union represents only 15 percent of their workforce. ITV need to consult employees regularly as the scale of changes within the organization, they have around 15 communication groups located in different businesses. The aim of this is to reassure that the employees feel respected and that their interests are of an importance. However, management rarely deliver engagement towards the employees, so they put the emphasis on line managers and HR policies and affective communication to allow the employees to be engaged in company activity. When disputes surface they use the collective bargaining and elected representatives to deal with the disputes- along with the union members. The process is: This way of resolving conflict is positive as it allows the employees to have a large amount of communication forwarded and towards the management. However, there seems to be a large amount of responsibility to be the employees main spokesman, which cold be negative for employees if line managers communication is poor. Collective bargaining: Collective bargaining is a process in which employers work with the employees trade union and work councils to negotiate issues that are unsettling the employees. Usually most employees bargain on a day-to-day basis, which involves communication between the line manager on a regular basis. Whos involved in collective bargaining? Collective bargaining is not as commonly used as it once was, according to Cully (1999), only 41 percent now use this method of negotiating the employees terms and conditions. Eastern Europe and the Scandinavian countries still commonly use the collective bargaining process as a way to negotiate employees conditions. The union members and representatives bring into the negotiating argument of rising house prices and cost of living to negotiate their pay terms. Whilst management make negotiations from examples of the labour market rates. Both have to be consider in how it will affect the companies costs and the future affects. Source: Tim Hannogan- management, concept and practices. (1998) John Goodman (1984) describes collective bargaining as ‘a process through which representatives of employers and employee organization act as the joint creators of substantive and procedural rules regulating employment. The negotiation process will depend on the culture of the business I.e. pluralist-V-unitarist. Open and clear communication and preparation will allow the possibilities of conflict to be dissolved and relations with employees with employers will be improved. Preparation for the negotiation process: Drawing up the plan of what they hope to achieve, with objectives of the negotiation, which then is approved by the appropriate management Investigating what the grievances the employees have, letting everyone have a view, so the negotiations and objectives are clear Looking at the current collective bargaining agreements that already exists within the company Looking at how the employees would benefit from the suggested improvements e.g. increased salary Looking at the cost implications of proposed improvements According to an American study carried out, skills of negotiation are carried out with specific requirements for the negotiators taken on the bargaining: Being rated both highly in a negotiation Having the appropriate track record of negotiation success Having a low record of unsuccessful negotiations Strategy of negotiation It is important that the process is taken on board and planning is the main part, if there is going to be a successful negotiation. Planning the negotiation will look at the alternative outcomes, giving them a range of options if they cannot agree on specific issues. I believe that it is important that negotiators do not focus on one point, not forgetting other issues that need resolving. Also the planning of the future is very important when negotiation, looking at the short-term and long-term implications. It is also important that both representatives agree with their objectives and allocate roles to suit their strengths. Looking at what the other party might suggest and looking at ways to not give-up on what the overall original objectives were. Possible outcomes: Employee relations -V- industrial relations, difference? Industrial relations have become a term that is used based upon strike action and disputes in the work place. However, the new term employee relations, sets about to bring a more harmonized work force, whom have more communication

Amusement Park Physics :: physics theme park roller coaster

Missing formulas A new era in theme parks and roller coaster design began in 1955 when Disneyland ushered in the new era of amusement park design. Disneyland broke the mold in roller coaster design by straying from the typical norm of wooden roller coasters; thus, the steel tubular roller coaster was born. Disneyland’s Matterhorn was a steel tubular roller coaster with loops and corkscrews, which had never been seen before with the wooden coasters. In addition to the new steel tube roller coaster, the new coaster design also proved to be the most stable, allowing for wilder designs. The first successful inverted roller coaster opened up in 1992, and now it is not uncommon to find passengers of various roller coasters with their feet dangling above or below them as they circumnavigate the track. In 1997 Six Flags Magic Mountain opened a roller coaster, that just a few year previous would have been considered impossible. The Scream Machine is 415 feet tall and takes willing riders on an adrenali ne rush using speeds of 100 miles per hour. Technology working with the laws of physics continues to push the limits of imagination and design. Many people do not realize exactly how a roller coaster works. What you may not realize when you are cruising down the track at over 60 miles per hour, is that the roller coaster does not have a motor or engine. At the beginning of the ride the car is pulled to the top of the first hill where it comes to a momentary halt. At this point its potential energy is at a maximum and the kinetic energy is at a minimum. As the car falls down the hill it is losing potential energy and is gaining kinetic energy. It is this kinetic energy that keeps the car going throughout the remainder of the ride. The conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy is what drives the roller coaster, and all of the kinetic energy you need for the ride is present once the coaster descends the first hill. Once the car is in motion, different types of wheels keep the ride running smooth. Various running wheels help guide the coaster around the track. Friction wheels control lateral motion. A final set of wheels keeps the coaster on the track even if the coaster is inverted. Compressed air brakes are used to stop the coaster as it comes to an end. Amusement Park Physics :: physics theme park roller coaster Missing formulas A new era in theme parks and roller coaster design began in 1955 when Disneyland ushered in the new era of amusement park design. Disneyland broke the mold in roller coaster design by straying from the typical norm of wooden roller coasters; thus, the steel tubular roller coaster was born. Disneyland’s Matterhorn was a steel tubular roller coaster with loops and corkscrews, which had never been seen before with the wooden coasters. In addition to the new steel tube roller coaster, the new coaster design also proved to be the most stable, allowing for wilder designs. The first successful inverted roller coaster opened up in 1992, and now it is not uncommon to find passengers of various roller coasters with their feet dangling above or below them as they circumnavigate the track. In 1997 Six Flags Magic Mountain opened a roller coaster, that just a few year previous would have been considered impossible. The Scream Machine is 415 feet tall and takes willing riders on an adrenali ne rush using speeds of 100 miles per hour. Technology working with the laws of physics continues to push the limits of imagination and design. Many people do not realize exactly how a roller coaster works. What you may not realize when you are cruising down the track at over 60 miles per hour, is that the roller coaster does not have a motor or engine. At the beginning of the ride the car is pulled to the top of the first hill where it comes to a momentary halt. At this point its potential energy is at a maximum and the kinetic energy is at a minimum. As the car falls down the hill it is losing potential energy and is gaining kinetic energy. It is this kinetic energy that keeps the car going throughout the remainder of the ride. The conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy is what drives the roller coaster, and all of the kinetic energy you need for the ride is present once the coaster descends the first hill. Once the car is in motion, different types of wheels keep the ride running smooth. Various running wheels help guide the coaster around the track. Friction wheels control lateral motion. A final set of wheels keeps the coaster on the track even if the coaster is inverted. Compressed air brakes are used to stop the coaster as it comes to an end.

Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Developmental Psychology :: Papers

Contemporary Issues in Cognitive Developmental Psychology The stage in which a child learns is very important in psychology. Piaget, Vygotsky, and Bruner are the most popular psychologists who have contributed to developmental learning. The issue still among psychologists today is the debate on teaching, and how children should be taught. There is the, "talk and chalk" method where the teacher teaches the whole class interactively and the children can participate when asked to. Piaget believed in student centred learning and not group learning. The advantage of this method of teaching is that they are all going up a level at the same time; there might be a few that fail to follow but the teacher can push them. Children can also start to interact with each other and get to know other people in their classroom. This could also reduce prejudice at a young age. If they work as a group they also learn as a group, but the downside of this is they may lose their sense of individuality. And as a group they may feel as, "one." If they were to do a practical there would be one child who would be the leader, which would not benefit to the other children. The other method of teaching is the individual/ group method. This is where Piaget's individual learning programme enters. Vygotsky's spiral curriculum would be useful in this method since it opens complex ideas so that they can be presented at simplified levels. Each student should find their zone of actual development and then the teacher should be the outer circle so they can go to their zone of proximal development. The disadvantage of this is the cost of student centred learning. At the moment we have whole class teaching and there are the ups and downs of that but if the individual learning took place it will improve due to the individuals needs being noticed and processed. Individual learning can also be structured by scaffolding so the child's attempt to understand new ideas will be done with even more

John Savage Desires What Makes Essay -- essays research papers

Brave New World illustrates a world where everything that is morally right in our society, is wrong. Monogamy is sinful, massive orgies are not. Serious thinking is unnecessary because life has already been planned out. Hardships and stress can be solved with a few tablets of soma. This is the world which John Savage and others in the novel foolishly came to hate. All of the things that John Savage desires are the things that make our society unstable. Huxley uses John Savage to show the reader that this world is distopian, when this society is the closest example to a stable, utopian society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Uninhibited sexual freedom provides happiness to this society’s citizens, the Fordians. Promiscuity is encouraged, and monogamy is discouraged. There is no room for love, or real emotional ties. John Savage does not agree with these ideas, but he fails to see the implications of loving others. In our society, love and sexual desire are the causes of murder, suicide, and rape. â€Å"Everyone belongs to everyone else†(pg.35). This is one of the many hypnopaedic messages that are repeated to the Fordians. It prevents them from feeling passion, desire, lust, jealousy, and true love. In absence of these feelings, they are free from emotional ties and have no reason to rape or murder someone because of inner desires. They are able to express their sexuality with others, and release sexual tension. Hurt and pain is eliminated from their minds, and these people can live the rest of their lives with child-like bliss. John Savage disagrees with these ideas and objects by stating, â€Å"The murkiest den, the most opportune place† (the voice or conscience thundered poetically), â€Å"the strongest suggestion our worser genius can, shall never melt mine honour into lust. Never, never!† (pg. 174-175) This occurs when Lenina wanted to have sex with John. Instead of accepting her invitation, he lashes out at her screaming, â€Å"Whore! Impudent strumpet!† (pg. 176). Meaning that he fails to understand how the Fordian society works. Not only that, but the fact that there are many in our society who can only wish to be in his place.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another form of happiness that Huxley supplies to the Fordians is soma. The hypnopaedic message â€Å"†¦a gramme is better than a damn,†(pg.49) is repeated to these individuals so that they take soma instead of worrying... ...ot independent ideas of their own. Everyone, in a word, who’s anyone.† (pg.207) Even ‘free thinkers’ are able to live peacefully in the Fordian society. They have the choice to retreat to an island where there are many people who may share the same views. The Fordian society is not communistic. They do not execute those who think for themselves, but allow them to grow. Even though they may not have the ability to spread their knowledge on to others, their needs are fulfilled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is the Fordian society utopian? It is impossible to say no when there is less conflict, no pain, happiness, no jealousy, harmony, efficiency, stability, and no disease. John Savage entered the Fordian world, not the other way around. If he wanted to be singled out, beaten, and hated, then he could have stayed in the reservation. The Fordian society was prepared to embrace him, but he was not willing to adapt. Due to his stubborn nature he eventually committed suicide. John was offered a unique opportunity to live along with the Fordians, but his inability to change himself led to his death. If any other savage were given such an opportunity, they would have take in immediately.

Bacteria and Acidic End Products

Title of the Experiment: Enterobacteriaceae Identification: The Enterotube II System Learning Objectives: After completing this exercise we were able to inoculate an unknown bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae by using technology effectively with a Enterotube II. An Enterotube II is a miniaturized multi-test system for rapid identification of enterbacteriaceae. We then evaluated the test results and generated a five-digit code for the unknown bacterium.Thinking creatively and critically we had to fgure out the code by looking at the Enterotube and comparing he reactants to the original to see what the result was. We then had to use the five- digit code to correctly identify the unknown bacterium from the interpretation guide. Procedure: Step 1 : Remove organisms from a well-isolated colony. Avoid touching the agar with the wire. Step 2: Inoculate each compartment by first twisting the wire and then withdrawing it all the way out through the 12 compartments using a turnin g movement.Step 3: Reinsert the wire (without sterilizing), using a turning motion through all the 12 compartments until the notch on the wire is aligned with the opening of the tube. Step 4: Break the wire at the notch by bending. The portion of the wire remaining in the tube maintains anaerobic conditions essential for true fermentation. Step 5: Punch holes with broken-off part wire through the thin plastic covering over depressions on sides of the last eight compartments. Replace caps and incubate at 35 degrees C for 18-24 hours.Step 6: After encircling the numbers of the positive tests on the laboratory report, total up the numbers of each bracketed series to determine the five-digit code number. Refer to the Enterotube II Interpretation Guide for identification of the unknown by using the code number Results: Before inoculation of the Enterotube II showing the original colors of each test which was also used to compare with the inoculated enterotube. After the inoculation of th e Enterotube, many of the colors have changed which means they have reacted with the antibiotic.The reactants then helped me find out what the unkown bacterium is. Each color changed or reacted gives a certain digit Summary & Conclusions: Enterotube II identifies Enterobacteriaceae. The Enterotube II is a multiple test system designed to identify enteric bacteria based on Glucose, Adonitol, Lactose, Arabinose, Sorbitol, Dulcitol fermentation, lysine and Decarboxylation, Sulfur reduction, Indole, Acetoin production of glucose fermentation, Phenylalanine deamination, Urea hydrolysis, and Citrate utilization.Adonitol Bacterial fermentation of adonitol, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color of the indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be inter preted as a positive reaction, orange should be considered negative. Lactose Bacterial fermentation of lactose, which results in the for mation of acidic end roducts, is indicated by a change in color of the Indicator present in the medium from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic).Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Arabinose Bacterial fermentation of arabinose, which results in the formation of acidic end products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic). Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Sorbitol Bacterial fermentation of sorbitol, which results in the formation of acidic nd products, is indicated by a change in color from red (alkaline) to yellow (acidic).Any sign of yellow should be interpreted as a positive reaction; orange should be considered negative. Voges-Proskauer Acetylmethylcarbinol (acetoin) is an inter mediate in the production of butylene glycol from glucose fer mentation. The presence of acetoin is indicated by the develop ment of a red color within 20 minutes. Most positive reactions are evident within 10 minutes. Phenylalanine Deaminase This test detects the formation of pyruvic acid from the deamination of phenylalanine. The pyruvic acid formed reacts with a ferric salt in the medium to roduce a characteristic black to smoky gray color.Urea The production of urease by some bacteria hydrolyzes urea in this medium to produce ammonia, which causes a shift in pH from yellow (acidic) to reddish-purple (alkaline). This test is strongly positive for Proteus in 6 hours and weakly positive for Klebsiella and some Enterobaeter species in 24 hours. Citrate Organisms that are able to utilize the citrate in this medium as their sole source of carbon produce alkaline metabo lites that change the color of the indicator from green (acidic) to deep blue (alkaline). Any degree of blue should be considered positive.After looking at the results of the Enterotube I came to conclusion that my unkown bacteria gave me the five-digit co de 34363 which translated to Klebsiella pneumonia bacterium that can form a capsule. It is found in the normal flora of GI tracts in humans. K. pneumoniae can become pathogenic in patients whose immune systems are compromised. K. pneumoniae can cause nosocomial urinary tract infections and pneumonia. In immunocompromised patients, death is possible. For a personto get the K. pneumoniae bacteria, they have to have direct contact with another person. K. pneumoniae is not able to be contacted through the air.Healthcare workers can help to decrease the spread of K. pneumoniae by washing their hands before and after taking care of a patient. It was established that the Enterotube system provides a simple, reliable, and rapid method for the probable identification of Enterobacteriaceae. The major advantage of the Enterotube is that all tests are done simultaneously by inoculation from a single isolated colony. It is also easier to inoculate, single inoculation, self- contained, numerous t ests, little media preparation, rapid results, reliability, uniformity, simple interpretation.

Computer Viruses

A ready reckoner calculator computer virus is an illegal and potentially damaging computer schedule designed to infect other softw be by attaching itself to whatever software it contacts. In numerous cases, virus architectural plans are designed to stultification computer systems maliciously by destroying or corrupting entropy. If the infected software is transferred to or accessed by another computer system, the virus spreads to the other system. Viruses feed become a serious problem in upstart years, and currently, thousands of known virus curriculums exist (Reed 85-102).Three types of viruses are a iron boot sector viruses, turn on virus, and Trojan buck virus. A boot sector virus infects the boot program used to start the system. When the infected boot program executes, the virus is loaded into the computers shop. Once a virus is in memory, it can spread to any floppy disk inserted into the computer. A commove virus inserts virus code into program files. The viru s then spreads to any program that accesses the infected file. A Trojan horse virus (named after the Greek myth) hides at bottom or is designed to look the like a legitimate program.Some viruses interrupt process by freezing a computer system temporarily and then displaying sounds or messages. Other viruses contain time attacks or system of logic bombs. A time bomb is a program that performs an employment on a particular date. A logic bomb is a program that performs an activity when a certain action occurs, such as an employee being terminated. A worm, which is connatural to a virus, copies itself repeatedly until no memory or disk space remains. To expose computer viruses, antivirus programs have been developed.Besides the detecting of the viruses, antivirus programs excessively have utilities to remove or deposit infected programs or files. Some damaged files cannot be repaired and must be replaced with fresh backup files. The table below outlines about techniques use d to protect computer systems. add-in Techniques for Virus Protection and System sculptural relief Using Virus Protection software Backing Up Your System prove virus protection software on every computer system.Develop a stiff plan for copying and storing important data and program files. Before use, scan every floppy disk with a virus scan program to check for viruses. go for a backup plan and bond to its guidelines. Check all programs downloaded from the Internet or bulletin boards for viruses. Keep backup copies of files in fireproof safes or vaults or off-site If your system becomes virus infected and you have questions, contact the National Computer security measure Association (NCSA) for low-cost assistance (Elmhurst, 6 Nov. 1998).

Disadvantages of Using Cell Phone in School Essay

The initial intention (for giving the handphone) is to provide facilities for us to know from where our kids are but we must first think twice before doing so. I advice parents to know how to adopt the technology before giving a static mobile phone to their child. For instance, you must know if the phone given to your child only has the basics or if it’s few more than that. But I still oppose just giving a more basic phone.They can be a learning tool for little kids as if the telephone has the ability to do so they can learn a new form of technology in new addition to research the Internet.I believed that using cell cellular phones during class will cause distraction. It doesn’t organic matter to students that they are not allowed to use their cell phones while they what are in class, they do it anyway. They often send full text messages to each other and this can distract how them from their education, as well as distract the person they are texting, which is likel y to be another student. Many people call this the new way of mere passing notes.Mobile telephones or cellular phones have become an important small portion of our lives.

Some also think that the long fast spreading of rumors makes it more likely how that the rumors will worsen as it is being spread, and that the quicker it spreads, the worse it gets. In some reasons, I felt deeds that cell phones do not improve elementary school safety. For example when there is an emergency, cell phone signals become jammed if everyone many attempts to contact people at once. how This can make it difficult for teachers to contact the authorities.Cellphones offer convenience.They give platforms of communicating.Mobile phones free play a part in our everyday lives.

Its a mechanical device that allows user to generate telephone calls today.Cell mobile phones arent low-cost.Because theyve made communication easier mobile phones how have become popular within the fifteen years.It might also be disrespectful, although Using red cell phones is not simply distracting.

Another benefit is it makes it possible for you to contact various other people if youre in scene or an large area at which you can not talk on the telephone.Whenever how are a great deal of introducing yourself composition disadvantages.A number of teenagers old keep trying as a means.Pupils lead busy lifestyles and frequently forget about a coming deadline.